محمدجواد تقی پوریان

Purpose: The compliance ethical characteristics plays an important role in urban management, and accordingly, the purpose of this study was identifying the effective ethical codes on urban management with a meta synthesis method. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The field of research was all articles of effective ethical codes on urban management in 2012 to 2022 years, which number of 26 articles from 311 articles based on the inclusion criteria were selected with purposive sampling method. The data were collected by taking notes from the articles and analyzed with content analysis method based on meta synthesis approach of Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step. Findings: The findings showed that were identified 94 concepts in 16 components and 6 categories for effective ethical codes on urban management. The categories were include urban management ethics codes (with 4 components of individual codes of ethics of employees, ethical codes of managers, ethical codes between employees and ethical codes of organizations with people), procedures of the organization (with 2 components of problem definition and stakeholders), content factors of the organization (with 3 components of environmental factors, organizational factors and fundamental factors), structural strategy (with 2 components of informing and training and correction and improvement of functions), content implementation levels (with 3 components of ethical system leveling, identification of values in the organization and mechanisms of moral strengthening) and implementation consequences of ethical codes (with 2 components of intra-organizational consequences and extra-organizational consequences). Finally, the pattern of effective ethical codes on urban management was drawn. Conclusion: The pattern of effective ethical codes on urban management can help specialists and planners in improving the situation of urban management.

Purpose: Rumor management in the context of social networks for government organizations is very important in order to maintain the organization's reputation and improve its performance. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing a qualitative pattern of rumor management in the context of social networks in the Iranian government organizations. Methodology: The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of its implementation method was qualitative. The research population was experts in the field of public administration and organizational behavior in the field of research. The sample of the present study according to the principle of theoretical saturation was estimated to be 15 people which this number was selected by the purposeful sampling method and they were subjected to semi-structured interviews, and its validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was estimated by the Cohen's kappa coefficient method 0.719. Data were analyzed by coding method in MAXQDA-2020 software. Findings: The findings of this research indicated that 95 open codes, 5 core codes and 2 selective codes were identified for rumor management in the context of social networks in the Iranian government organizations. In this study, the selected codes were included the malicious rumors with three core codes of bad feelings, rumor transmission and thinking power, and innocent rumors with two core codes of trust building and reference support. Finally, the output of the software was drawn for the qualitative pattern of rumor management in the context of social networks in the Iranian government organizations. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present research, the managers of Iranian government organizations can prevent their destructive effect on the advancement of the organization's goals by managing malicious rumors and innocent rumors.

Purpose: Psychological capital refers to the state of positive psychological development of a person and it is important and investigated considering thestrive to achieve goals and to undertake and make the necessary effort to succeed in challenging tasks. From the Islamic perspective, psychological capital (PC) is a person's belief in his abilities to achieve success, to have perseverance in pursuing goals, endure problems and having patience in this regard. The purpose of the current research was to design the model of psychological capital from the Islamic perspective in Iran's governmental organizations. Methodology: The current research is considered a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The qualitative section included Quran and Nahj al-balagha, and the quantitative section included PC experts, as well as faculty members who have conducted research in the field of PC. In the qualitative section, the study sample selected using complete enumeration and included Quran and Nahj al-Balagha, and to collect the data in the quantitative section, a total of 15 people were selected using purposive sampling method who then answered the questions of the Delphi questionnaire. According to the analysis of the Quran and Nahj al-Balagha, a total of 126 semantic expressions and primary open code as well as 17 PC-related indices were extracted. These indices were merged and then selective coding was carried out. In the second stage, Delphi quantitative research method was used. Finally, PC-related indices and items were extracted and categorized after data collection. Cohen's kappa index was used to validate the coding process and ensure quality control of the factors. Findings: The results of the research showed that the Islamic-based PC included 18 axial codes and 4 selective codes (the self-purification dimension with six axial codes; the patience dimension with two axial codes. Conclusion: the positive thinking dimension with four axial codes and the truth-seeking dimension with six axial codes).

As viral marketing as a factor influencing customer behavior is a new tool that encourages people to comment on companies' products or services online and brand promotion is also one of the most important strategic growth strategies for companies, always at the center of attention so The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of viral marketing on behavioral intentions considering brand equity as a mediating variable; this study was conducted in two parts durable and nondurable goods. Confirmatory factor analysis test (LISREL) and Cronbach alpha were used to assess the validity of the questionnaire. Results showed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. The results of the LISREL structural equation show that brand equity is viewed as a mediator in the relationship between viral marketing and behavioral intentions. On the other hand, viral marketing has a positive influence on word of mouth marketing and intention to buy and a negative influence on brand change. It turns out that the most influential marketers in the lives of consumers are those who are known and trusted by their consumers. Nowadays consumers usually suffer from a massive influx of information and go through expensive advertising so people decide through word of mouth marketing for shopping. There should also be a major investment in brand building, investing in brand’s special value contributes to brand reputation among customers as well as non-customers.