درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

کتابخانه های دیجیتالی

فیلتر های جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱۶۱ تا ۱۸۰ مورد از کل ۲۲۸ مورد.
۱۶۱.

تحلیل هزینه اثربخشی کتاب های چاپی لاتین و پایگاه های اطلاعاتی مقالات تمام متن الکترونیکی لاتین دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در حوزه های موضوعی علوم انسانی- اجتماعی و فنی- مهندسی در سال 2010(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: تحلیل هزینه - اثربخشی مجموعه سازی کتاب های چاپی مجموعه سازی پایگاه های اطلاعاتی

حوزه های تخصصی:
  1. حوزه‌های تخصصی علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی علوم کتابداری مجموعه سازی
  2. حوزه‌های تخصصی علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی کتابخانه های الکترونیکی کتابخانه های دیجیتالی مجموعه سازی کتابخانه های دیجیتالی
تعداد بازدید : ۸۳۳ تعداد دانلود : ۵۶۳
هدف: پژوهش حاضر به بررسی هزینه- اثربخشی کتاب های چاپی و پایگاه های اطلاعاتی مقالات تمام متن الکترونیکی خریداری شده به زبان لاتین در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در دو حوزه موضوعی علوم انسانی- اجتماعی و فنی- مهندسی در سال 2010 پرداخته و پیشنهادها و راهکارهایی در جهت انتخاب مناسب و ایجاد مجموعه ای ترکیبی از منابع چاپی و الکترونیکی متناسب با نیاز واقعی کاربران ارائه می کند. روش: این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی است و به صورت پیمایشی در کتابخانه های دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام پذیرفت. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، 1897 عنوان کتاب چاپی لاتین خریداری شده در سال 2010 توسط کتابخانههای دانشکدهای و پایگاه های اطلاعاتی مقالات تمام متن الکترونیکی لاتین در سال مذکور می باشد. 320 عنوان کتاب چاپی لاتین به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد. برای پایگاه های اطلاعاتی مقالات تمام متن الکترونیکی لاتین نمونه گیری صورت نگرفت. برای شمارش فراوانی استفاده و تحلیل هزینه- اثربخشی از ابزارها و روش های بررسی اسنادی، و مشاهده با تکنیک تحلیل گزارش تراکنش استفاده شد. یافته ها: یافته های پژوهش نشان داد، میزان استفاده از کتاب های چاپی در حوزه فنی- مهندسی نسبت به حوزه علوم انسانی- اجتماعی بیشتر بوده و هردو حوزه موضوعی استفاده بیشتری از پایگاه های اطلاعاتی نسبت به کتاب های چاپی داشتند. در نهایت مشخص شد پایگاه های اطلاعاتی مقالات تمام متن الکترونیکی و کتاب های چاپی در حوزه فنی- مهندسی از هزینه- اثربخشی بالاتری نسبت به حوزه علوم انسانی- اجتماعی برخوردار هستند.
۱۶۵.

Modeling the Relational Marketing of Iranian Films in the Digital Age(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Film Marketing and Distribution social media Digital Marketing

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۵۰
Purpose : Relationship marketing seeks to build relationships with your customers that will make them repurchase from the company in the future and encourage others to do so, which is the best approach to retaining customers. Therefore, Internet service providers should be aware of how to establish lasting relationships with their customers and look for relationships to attract customers. The purpose of this study is to design a relational marketing model in the film sales and screening network in Iran. Method : In the present research method, after analyzing the theoretical and experimental records, the qualitative method and in-depth interviews with 10 managers of film sales companies were carried out using targeted sampling method and theoretical sampling, which has reached theoretical saturation. The obtained information was then analyzed using the content analysis method and a paradigm model of relational marketing was constructed. Findings: The results showed that relational marketing in the sales and film network in Iran is one of the factors of relational marketing (including the themes of causal conditions: communication, relationship quality, innovation; background conditions: marketing, advertising; mediating conditions: Customer gender, customer expectations, customer knowledge, customer focus and ultimately the outcome: customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, customer trust, competitive advantage, business performance, and customer commitment) can have an impact. Conclusion : By focusing on the factors obtained in this research, relationship marketing can create customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, competitive advantage, business performance, and customer commitment in film sales companies.
۱۶۶.

Modeling Organizational Embeddedness in Digital Infrastructures of the Banking Industry (A case study of Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Organizational Embeddedness organizational structure Learning Organization Perceived organizational support grounded theory

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۱ تعداد دانلود : ۴۷
Purpose : Most of the reasons that result in high staff turnover and cost a lot of money on new employees are rooted in the lack of current job embeddedness and finding a way to keep employees in their current job has always been a concern for Central Bank managers. So the question is how to find a suitable model of human resource management in this regard? Method : Developmental research was designed with a qualitative approach and the strategy of the ground theory. Data were collected from in-depth interviews conducted with 25 expert managers of the Central Bank based on purposeful sampling and continued until reaching theoretical saturation. Using data analysis and coding, the initial conceptual model was created using the opinions of experts. In the quantitative section, 346 lower-ranking employees were selected by stratified random sampling method to answer the questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis was done using the thematic analysis method. Quantitative data analysis by using confirmatory factor analysis was analyzed and coded with the help of SPSS, and AMOS software. Each of them was evaluated separately, based on the systematic method of Strauss and Corbin. Findings : Eventually, a model was created for organization embeddedness that could be helpful for the organization to reduce costs and increase employee productivity. Conclusion : Organizations and the community should hire staff only by holding exams and obtaining the necessary quorum for this aim. They should not discriminate against applicants and all should be in the same conditions to qualify and compete so do best to succeed in own job. 
۱۶۷.

The Semantically Rich Learning Environments: A Systematic Literature Review(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Semantic technology E-Learning Educational semantic technology Semantic Web Ontology

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۱ تعداد دانلود : ۳۷
Purpose: The research is intended to extract repetitive themes in the field of semantic-rich learning and to express the basic opportunities and challenges therein. Method: The method applied was to review the articles published in the WOS database, during the years 2000 to 2020 by using the paradigm funnel technique; moreover the Nvivo software was used for document analysis and theme extraction. Findings: In the study, it was found that establishing access to appropriate educational content, proper analysis and representation of knowledge, human capabilities enhancement, personalization of learning, and improving the quality of assessment, are the most important positive effects of using STs in learning; Also, in this study, nine themes and seven major challenges in the field of semantic-rich learning were identified. Conclusion: personalization and adaptation, and the development of various ontologies, are the most cited themes; and access to learning content and concerns about the design and development of learning systems are the most important challenges facing semantic-rich learning environments. We believe that in order to overcome the enumerated challenges, the combination of STs with other emerging cognitive and communication technologies, such as IoT, is necessary and could be the subject of future research in this field.
۱۶۸.

Policy-Making Model of the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade Based on Digital Transformation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Policymaking Digital Transformation Automotive Industry Ministry of Industry Mine and Trade

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۰ تعداد دانلود : ۵۱
Purpose : The purpose of this study is a policy-making model of the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade (MIMT) based on digital transformation is presented. Method : The study is an applied-developmental study in terms of purpose and cross-sectional survey research. A semi-structured interview and Likert scale questionnaire were used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability. The statistical population includes experts in the automotive industry until the theoretical saturation was reached and 15 experts participated. Using Cochran's formula for indeterminate populations, 365 people were calculated as a sample and cluster sampling method. To analyze the data, the grounded theory analysis method was used to identify the research indicators, and to validate and present the final model, the structural equation modeling method and LISREL software were used. Findings : it can be acknowledged that before deciding to transform processes and enter the digital arena, it is necessary to assess the readiness of the organization as well as its human resources to accept this change Conclusion : the implementation of the automotive industry policy for digital transformation will make the Ministry of Industry, Mine, and Trade the digital leader in the automotive industry.
۱۶۹.

The Semantically Rich Learning Environments: A Systematic Literature Review(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Semantic technology (ST) E-Learning Educational semantic technology (EST) Semantic Web (SW) Ontology

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۴۴
By presenting the possibility of automatic reasoning by machines, semantic technology provides a new method for managing data and utilizing artificial intelligence based on formal and explicit patterns; emergence of these technologies in e-learning has enabled the development of next-generation learning and has created semantic-rich learning environments; So that, some researchers refer to this phenomenon as the next big wave in educational technologies. Despite the undeniable importance of this phenomenon and the many studies that have been done on semantic-rich learning environments, there is no combined knowledge that can demonstrate the evolved nature of these environments and related theories. the research, with the aim of extracting repetitive themes in the field of semantic-rich learning and expressing the basic opportunities and challenges in this field, systematically reviews the articles published in the WOS database, during the years 2000 to 2020 using the paradigm funnel technique; and has used Nvivo software in document analysis and theme extraction.
۱۷۰.

Providing a Jihadi Management Model to Align the Goals of Iranian Schools in the Digital Age(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Jihadi Management Schools Digital Age Online teaching

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۸ تعداد دانلود : ۵۳
Purpose : The present study aimed to provide a jihadi management model to align the goals of Iranian Schools in the Digital Age, which was inevitable during the corona pandemic. Method : The grounded theory method has been used due to the lack of a codified model of jihadi management. The statistical population was experts and professors in the field of education and the system of education. The snowball technique was used to sample the population. A total of 11 education experts were interviewed. In the data research, the researcher performed data analysis including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding simultaneously with the data collection stage which was performed using a semi-structured interview. Reliability, data originality, relevance, and reliability were used to assess validity and reliability. Findings : The findings showed that 15 main and pivotal categories led to the design of the jihadi management model of education. Categories based on causal, contextual, intervention and consequences include jihad-centered culture, jihadist structure, jihadist growth-oriented, jihadist-centered education, jihadist meritocracy, spiritual values, society supporting jihadism, revolutionary and pragmatic culture, the adaptation of jihad-centered Administrative system, rule of law based on jihad, job coordination with jihad, family and cultural education, teaching jihad principles, monitoring, and evaluation, and developing a jihad-centered structure. Conclusion : Therefore, for proper jihadi management in schools, various factors are involved that provide the basis for management. Also, the need for this type of jihadi management and training is felt more in our country.
۱۷۱.

Investigation of Digital Citizen Science and its Challenges in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: digital citizen science Scientometric online citizen science Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۵ تعداد دانلود : ۶۰
This study aims to investigate digital citizen science projects in Iran and the challenges in this field from the perspective of experts. The present study is exploratory with a content analysis approach. First, scientometric research was conducted in Scopus to assess the status of digital citizen science. Second, to identify the challenges of digital citizen science in Iran, experts were interviewed. Though the number of scientific publications in this field has been growing recently, Iran's share of the scientific output is quite small. A Review of qualitative data obtained from interviews showed that the main challenges in this field in Iran are: Funding, Government policy, Engagement, Time, Recognition, Data quality for citizen science, Volunteers for citizen science, Capacity and skills, and Communication. This research can be a guideline for experts in the field of digital citizen science. These technologies can also facilitate interactions and communication between professionals and non-professionals. Despite the spread of digital citizen science projects in European and American countries, the term is unfamiliar in Iran.
۱۷۲.

Employee Mental Absence Diagnosing and Analysis of Digital Mental Health Platforms (Case study: Iran Tobacco Company)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Employee Mental Absence Mindfulness Digital Transformation Digital Mental Health Platforms Iranian Tobacco Company

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۵۰
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnosis of employees' mental absence and to provide a suitable model for the Iranian Tobacco Company. Method : This research was conducted with a qualitative-inductive approach and the method of Strauss-Corbin's grounded theory. The research tool (data collection) is a semi-structured interview that analyzes the data obtained from interviews with 10 qualified elites and experts of the Iranian Tobacco Company in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding in ATLAS TI software using the grounded theory method. Findings : 13 general categories in the form of a paradigm model in which these factors include causal conditions (individual factors; factors of group behavior; organizational factors; environmental factors), axial phenomenon (diagnosis of the mental absence of employees), contextual conditions (environmental and physical context), intervening conditions (individual factors ), and strategies (organizational strategy; job-related strategy; career development strategy), and consequences (individual outcomes; effectiveness; group outcomes) were identified. Conclusion : In a business environment with digital disruption from competitors and customers who have more choices through the availability of digital applications and information, it is important to ensure that organizations can quickly understand and adapt to new information. The need for mindfulness and control of mental absence is a prerequisite for digital transformation.
۱۷۳.

Social Media and Human Resource Management Approach: The Transformation Model Design(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: social media Transformation HRM Scientific map

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۴ تعداد دانلود : ۵۶
Purpose : The present article has been written to review studies in the field of social media evolution in human resources and the gaps in this research. This review paper is expected to motivate further research initiatives regarding the role of social media in different HRM practices. Method : The paper is based on 98 published papers collected from the Web of Science Database particularly from 1975 to 2021 (up to NOV) using VOSviewer software. Findings : After reviewing the paper contents, the author briefly highlighted the findings. According to studies, the results show that the issue of change has shifted to Transformation 4.0 in Media and HRM 4.0 in recent years. An approach that refers to concepts such as social networking and digital media. The results also show that traditional approaches to social media before 2018 are more related to Communication, Communities, Goals, Behavior, and so on. In recent years, concepts such as Technology, ACTIVISM, INTERNET USE, Facebook, Culture, etc. are related. Conclusion : The author expects that based on the findings; the organizational policymakers can get some practical guidelines regarding the efficient utilization of such a platform. In particular, the media can be a well-established platform for searching for competent employees and creating employer branding. Therefore, more and more research studies should be carried out focusing on this recent issue.
۱۷۴.

The Effect of Architectural Design Parameters on IEQ in Accomplishing School Smartification(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: IEQ Thermal Comfort visual comfort IAQ Optimization

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۳ تعداد دانلود : ۵۱
Purpose : The study aims to study the effect of architectural design parameters on IEQ in accomplishing school smartification. Method : The research was conducted in school buildings located in Tabriz, Iran. The indicators chosen to represent IEQ are the adaptive PMV model used for thermal comfort, imageless daylight glare probability used for visual comfort, and CO2 concentration used for IAQ assessment. The simulation technique was used to collect data for a generative parametric school model. The method of data analysis includes a multivariate linear regression algorithm, t-test statistic, and one-way analysis of variance. The studied variables are dimensions of classrooms with the fixed area, Percentage of window area on a wall, window height, Shading, and protrusions in plan design. The stepwise method for multivariate linear regression in SPSS was used to assess the vital IEQ indicator in terms of thermal and visual comfort and CO2 concentration. Findings : The study found that among studied indicators, the south facade window ratio significantly correlates with IEQ. The other CRI parameters are the north window ratio and north window height. the findings revealed that to increase the IEQ in schools, facade design is more critical than the plan. The higher the window surface on the south, north, west, and east faces, the greater the thermal comfort and glare probability is. Conclusion : However, increasing the height of the windows can reduce glare and also increase thermal comfort. Thermal comfort improves as the length of the southern classrooms rises. On the bright side, it has no noticeable glare effect.
۱۷۵.

Providing a Model for the Participation of the Health Donors in the Direction of Digital Health Developments(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Donor Participation Health Donors Content Analysis health policy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۹
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the participation of health donors in the direction of digital health developments. There are different types of this partnership, which necessitates the goal of this paper. Method : This research has been done qualitatively and it is exploratory. Theme analysis technique has been used. Also, by examining different patterns related to charitable affairs in the country and abroad, a preliminary pattern was drawn by reviewing domestic and foreign studies. Using the snowball technique, 47 experts were selected in the qualitative section. Using semi-structured interview tools, 47 experts and philanthropists in Fars province were interviewed. The software used is ATLAS TI. Findings : Based on the results, 51 codes were identified. These 51 codes were divided into 8 categories of primary content. These 8 themes are codified plan and roadmap, interaction with donors in policy-making, providing legal facilities to donors, streamlining laws for donors, helping with education in the health sector, creating a culture for health, and spending financial resources in the sectors. Priority is given to costs in the prevention department commensurate with the treatment. Conclusion : Based on the designed model, creating strategy and planning, education and culture, ease of laws and regulations, as well as planning financial resources play an important role in managing the participation of health donors. With clear planning of health programs, benefactors see the clarity of decisions.
۱۷۶.

Identifying and Modeling Factors Affecting Success or Failure of Gamification in Organizational Training(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Gamification Organizational Training Interactive Management

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۵
The importance of training in organizations cannot be overlooked. This has motivated organizational decision-makers to look for new ways for achieving proper training in order to reach their organizational goals. Nowadays, one of new approaches to realize the training and gaining an effective output is gamification. Many factors can influence the use of this new approach in organizational training. Therefore, the present research seeks to identify and model the factors affecting on success and failure of gamification in organizational training. Accordingly, qualitative research method is used in this research. Also, three processes is conducted to collect data needed to answer the research question. In the first step, semi-structured interview is used to identify the factors affecting on gamification of organizational training. In the second step, the Interactive Management (IM) method is used to identify and extract the most important factors among the identified factors of the previous step. Finally, Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) software was used to model the factors and determine the causal relationships among them. The results demonstrate seven important factors which are respectively staff demographic characteristics, availability of infrastructure and facilities, staff information literacy, staff attitudes toward gamification, management attitudes towards gamification, gradual inclusion of gamification in the training process, and rich (learning) content. At the end, the research findings have been discussed.
۱۷۷.

Persian Speech Emotion Recognition Approach based on Multilayer Perceptron(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلید واژه ها: Emotion Recognition Speech Processing LPC Coefficients Neural Network

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۱ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲
Emotion recognition from speech has noticeable applications within the speech-processing systems. The goal of this paper is to permit a totally natural interaction among human and system. In this paper, an attempt is made to design and implement a system to determine and detect emotions of anger and happiness in the Persian speech signals. Research on recognizing some emotions has been done in most languages, but due to the difficulty of creating a speech database, so far little research has been done to identify emotions in Persian speech. In this article, because of the dearth of a suitable database in Persian to detect feelings, before everything, a database for moods of happiness and anger and neutral (with no emotion) in Persian, including 720 sentences was set up. Then the frequency features of speech signals obtained from Fourier transform such as maximum, minimum, median and mean as well as LPC coefficients were extracted. Then, the MLP neural network was used to detect emotions of happiness and anger. Results show that our algorithm performs 87.74% accurately.
۱۷۸.

The Impact of New Information and Technologies on Attracting Customers to Sports Venues(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Customer acquisition New Technologies Sports Marketing sports management Sports Venues

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۷
Purpose : The purpose of conducting research was the effect of information and new technologies in attracting customers to sports venues in Kermanshah province. Method : According to the official statistics of the medical board, about 40,000 people are mentioned in the province's sports statistics community. The present research is applied research that is descriptive in terms of strategy and survey in terms of implementation. Data collection was done by field method and through a questionnaire. The statistical population was all customers of sports facilities in Kermanshah province. Based on Cochran's formula, 560 people were selected as a statistical sample. To collect information, Moghimi's (2010) mixed marketing questionnaires were adapted, and information technology and attracting research-made customers were used. The structural equation path analysis method was used to analyze the findings. Findings : Findings indicate that the fit of the structural model of t-coefficients for all research relationships greater than 1.96 can be confirmed by the appropriateness of the fit of the structural equation model. Conclusion : In general, it can be acknowledged that the combination of marketing and the use of information technology directly affects the process of attracting customers to sports venues, so it is recommended that managers use these strategies to highlight the competitive advantages of sports venues through the use of space. Put physical and virtual on the agenda.
۱۷۹.

civil Servant Leadership in the Health Insurance organization to Achieve the Digital Health System(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Servant Leadership Digital Insurance Executive Mechanisms Health Insurance Organization ethics

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۰ تعداد دانلود : ۴۵
Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the model for removing obstacles and executive mechanisms to implement servant leadership in the health insurance organization to achieve the digital health system. Method: The present research has been exploratory and qualitative. Content analysis method has been used to identify server leadership mechanisms. The statistical population of the study includes employees of different levels of the Health Insurance Organization that 12 people were selected based on theoretical saturation through purposive non-random sampling method. Library methods and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data analysis method was theoretical coding derived from server leadership theories using MAxqda software. Findings: The results obtained from data analysis show that the components of humility, service, trustworthiness, interaction with employees and collection and ethics are the most important barriers to implementation and executive mechanisms of health insurance servant leadership, respectively. Using MAxqda software, the indicators desired by the experts are prioritized. Conlusion: Accordingly, the most important and effective barriers to the implementation of servant leadership are "inappropriate structure", "moral barriers", "centralism and self-centeredness" and "subordinate conditions", respectively. The components of ethics, cooperation, communication, planning and scientism are among the main mechanisms of servant leadership in the first to fifth priority, respectively.
۱۸۰.

Modeling the Development of Future Managers Based on the Management of Talent and Personality Types in the Digital Age (Case Study: Social Security Organization of Iran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Future Managers Development talent management personality types social security organization

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۱ تعداد دانلود : ۵۲
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to design and explain the development model of future managers based on talent management and personality types with the grounded theory approach in the headquarters of the National Social Security Organization. Method : This research was conducted with a qualitative-inductive approach and Strauss-Corbin's grounded theory method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. Using the grounded theory method, the data obtained from interviews with 12 elites and qualified specialists of the Social Security Organization were analyzed in three open, axial, and selective coding stages. Findings : 19 general categories in the form of a paradigm model in which these factors include causal conditions (individual factors, organizational factors, lack of proper selection, knowledge and skills of employees), central phenomenon (future managers based on talent management and personality types), contextual conditions (Organizational context, Talent Selection, Talent utilization), intervening conditions (psychological (individual) factors, Individual factors, Management factors), and strategies (Talent sourcing, Empowerment of managers and employees, Proportion of job and employment, Succession, Foresight and Cognitive Strategy) and Consequences (Organizational results, Public satisfaction, Futurization). Conclusion : Conclusion: Recent developments in the field of human resources have made this field doubly important. Organizations try to employ the most specialized people at management levels, and therefore talent management, as a key king, examines the types of situations involved in this field. Proper use of talents leads to success and puts the organization on the right track.

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