مریم سیف نراقی

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of Persian literature books in the first grade of high school based on the components of educational and critical knowledge from the perspective of experts and teachers. Methodology: The method of this research is a type of evaluation study, which has been used to carry out the field research methodology. The statistical population includes curriculum specialists (118 people) and teachers of Persian literature in the first grade of high school in Mazandaran province (940 people). Stratified random sampling method was used to select 272 teachers and 92 curriculum specialists based on Cochran formula. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed using the nominal scale and Likert scale. The face and content validity of the questionnaire has been approved by the supervisors and counselors as well as a group of relevant curriculum specialists and relevant teachers who have sufficient expertise in the subject matter of the research. The reliability of the tool is confirmed by the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.924. Descriptive statistics such as abundance and average percentages were used in the data analysis method and X2 test was used to test the assumptions. Findings: According to the findings of this research and based on the fact that the centralized educational system of Iran, where textbooks are considered to be the most basic educational resources available to teachers and students, in order to fulfill the curriculum objectives based on the components of critical and educational competence, the content of these textbooks was analyzed. Discussion: to formulate curriculum, which leads to the creation of interesting questions and the creation of Interested in reading new concepts based on documentation and away from any individual biases

The purpose of this study was to carry out a design on the desirable goals of curricula based on the components of entrepreneurship in the elementary schools from the viewpoint of teachers and experts. Hence, the research employed grounded and applied method. To collect data, a 22-item researcher-made questionnaire was designed in terms of knowledge, attitude, and skill. The sample size of 289 teachers was used using the Cochran formula, the entire statistical population was sampled as the statistical population of experts was limited. A random stratified sampling method was used to select the teachers’ sample. Frequency and percentages were used to analyze the data at the descriptive statistics level. In inferential statistics, chi-square test was used at 5% significance level. The results of the research revealed that, from the viewpoint of teachers and specialists, the desirable goals in the entrepreneurial curriculum were well suited to the dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and skills.

Purpose: The aim of the current study was investigating the role of Philosophy for Children (p4c) teaching approach in increasing first grade female high school students reading comprehension in Tehran educational five zone. Materials and method: From all statistical population 60 students were selected through multi cluster sampling and were assigned to experimental (30) and control (30) groups randomly. Data collection was done through employing reading comprehensions section of preliminary English test (pet). Philosophy for Children (p4c) teaching approach were performed in 10 sessions, 90 minutes every session. The research method was semi-experimental including pretest- post-test with control group following a follow up stage. Analysis of covariance and t test were employed for data analysis. Findings: The results show that there was a significant difference between experimental and control group in post-test stage. T-test results found a significant relationship between (p4c) approaches and improved post-test scores. Discussion: It means that those students who received Philosophy for Children (p4c) teaching approach outperformed their peers in control group. So (p4c) approach can be considered as an effective method for improving students reading comprehension method.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design and validation of a desirable model for developing critical thinking in the first-grade high school curriculum based on the upper documents of education in Iran. Methodology: This research is an evaluation study which the field research has been used in doing that. In this study, three methods were used to collect data. With reviewing the literature review of the research, the components of common critical though by various theorists and researchers were specified then, the national curriculum was analyzed with respect to the components of critical though. In the next step, the proposed model was designed and validated according to the components emphasized in the upper documents. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for validation. The research community consists of all curriculum practitioners who are as permanent members in Iranian Student Planning Association (500 people). In this research, simple random sampling method was used for sample selection and Morgan table was used to determine the sample size (217 ones). Findings: In addition to descriptive statistics, Chi-square method with an acceptable error rate of 0.05 was used for data analysis. The results of the research indicate that all the hypotheses and the appropriateness of the proposed model have been confirmed by specialists. Discussion: According to the results of the research Reviewing the objectives, content, learning activities and evaluation practices in Iranian first-grade high school education system with emphasis on developing the critical thinking in students can be proposed.