چکیده

به ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدن آﻣﻮزش ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاری و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و رﺷﺪ ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه ﺳﻬﻢ آﻣﻮزش از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ ﮐﺸﻮر ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدداﻧﺎن را ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳت. ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺮخ ﺑﺎزده ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ مقاطع تحصیلی در اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل تعمیم یافته مینسر است . ﺑﺎ به کارگیری ﺗﺎﺑﻊ دریافتی مینسر، میزان ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼت در مقاطع مختلف ﺑﺮ درآﻣﺪ ﺷﺎﻏﻼن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻣﺎرﻫﺎی بودجه-ﺧﺎﻧﻮار در سال 1398 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷد. جهت برآورد الگوی مورد نظر از مدل رگرسیونی حداقل مربعات معمولی(OLS) استفاده شده است. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛه تحصیلات در مقطع دیپلم، کارشناسی و ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼت ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ درآﻣﺪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺷﻐﻞ اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ دارد و ﻣﻴﺰان اﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬاری ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ ﺳال تحصیل اضافی حدود 1/8 درصد است و میزان تأثیر تجربه کاری بر دریافتی افراد 1/4 درصد را نشان می دهد. این امر فارغ از سایر انگیزه های ورود به این دوره ها، از نظر فردی توجیه پذیری اقتصادی این مقاطع را نشان می دهد. همچنین با وارد نمودن متغیرهای مجازی وضعیت ; جنسیت، بخش شغلی و تاهل افراد بعنوان متغیرهای کنترلی در مدل ، اثر این متغیرها بر دریافتی افراد معنادار بوده و نتایج حاصل شده نشان میدهد که درآمد مردان به میزان 7/51 درصد بیشتر از زنان است، افراد شاغل در بخش های دولتی 3/32 درصد بیشتر از سایر افراد در بخش های خصوصی درآمد دارند و درآخر افراد متاهل به نسبت افراد مجرد به میزان 6/41 درصد از دریافتی بالاتری برخوردار هستند.

Education return of different levels in private and public sectors

In the recent decades, global tendency towards the knowledge-based economy, has become human capital and effective labor to one of the major factors of economic growth and has led to increasing willingness of governments and individuals to invest in higher education. generally, considering education as an investment and development of educational systems on the one hand and increasing the share of education in gdp and the national budget on the other hand, has attracted the attention of economists and planners to evaluate the effectiveness of investment in education. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the private rate of return of educational institutions in iran using the generalized mincer model and by using the mincer income function, the effect of education at different levels on employee income was investigated using household-budget statistics in 2019. ordinary least squares regression model (OLS) has been used to estimate the desired pattern.the results showed that education in diploma, bachelor and postgraduate degrees has a positive effect on income from employment that the rate of this impact for each year of additional education is about 8/1 percent and the effect of work experience on people's income shows 4/1 percent. this, apart from other incentives to enter these sections, shows the economic justification of these sections from an individual point of view. also, with the inclusion of virtual variables of gender, job and marital status of individuals in the model according to the coefficients obtained in the regression model, the effect of these variables on the income of individuals has been a significant effect and these results were obtained: men earn more than women, people working in the public sector earn 32.3% more than other people in the private sector and finally married people earn 41.6% more than single people.

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