شناسایی پیشران های مؤثر بر هویت و حس مکان با رویکرد آینده پژوهی (مورد مطالعه: روستای کندوان) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
سکونتگاه های روستایی مانند هر پدیده ای در معرض دگرگونی و آسیب قرار دارد. یکی از چالش های درخور تأمل، بی توجهی به حس مکان است که این بی توجهی از طرفی، باعث کمرنگ شدن جنبه های ادراکی و معنایی مکان شده و از طرف دیگر، پیوستگی احساسی با مکان، مورد غفلت واقع شده است؛ به طوری که ادامه این روند روستاها را از هویت و اصالت خود دور خواهد کرد و آنچه می ماند، تنها شالوده ای از تفکرات ناهمخوان با بستر است. این مسئله در گذر زمان حضورپذیری و سرزندگی مکان را تحت تأثیر قرار خواهد داد و درنهایت، تعداد بی شماری از روستاها با خالی شدن از سکنه، از بین خواهد رفت. به همین سبب، در پژوهش حاضر کوشش شده است تا پیشران های مؤثر بر هویت و حس مکان با رویکرد آینده پژوهی در روستای کندوان شناسایی شود. روش پژوهش حاضر براساس هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت، براساس روش علم آینده پژوهی، تحلیلی و اکتشافی است. همچنین، داده ها به روش اسنادی و کتابخانه ای جمع آوری شده است. در این پژوهش داده های کیفی با پرسشنامه باز و بررسی اسناد به دست آمده و داده های کمّی نیز به صورت عددی و از وزن دهی پرسشنامه های دلفی استخراج شده است. یافته ها و نتایج براساس وضعیت صفحه پراکندگی عوامل بیانگر ناپایداری سیستم است و بیشتر عوامل حول محور قطری صفحه پراکنده است. همچنین، از بین 59 متغیر، (بنا به بیشترین امتیاز تأثیرپذیر و تأثیرگذاری مستقیم) 39 عامل به عنوان خروجی میک مک در آینده هویت و حس مکان در روستای کندوان اثرگذار است. از نوآوری پژوهش حاضر می توان به درک عمیق نیازهای مخاطبان و شناسایی پیشران های موثر بر حس مکان و درهم تنیدگی آنها به عنوان ایده ای نو اشاره کرد؛ زیرا موجب ایجاد پویایی و ماندگاری در نواحی روستایی می شود و درنهایت، دستیابی به توسعه پایدار را به عنوان یکی از ارزشمندترین میراث طبیعی امکان پذیر می کند.Identifying Effective Drivers on Place Identity and Sense of Place with a Futurology Approach (Case Study of Kandovan Village)
The present study aimed to identify the effective drivers of place identity and sense of place with a futurology approach in Kandovan's ancient village. This is an applied study based on its objective, and it is analytic and exploratory in terms of nature, with a futurology approach. Data were collected using documents and libraries. Qualitative data were gathered with the use of open questionnaires and document reviews, and quantitative data were prepared numerically by weighting Delphi questionnaires so that indicators and components in different dimensions were first collected and then provided to executive and academic elites who specialized in architecture and planning to identify the most influential factors according to their expertise. The elites were then required to score the identified factors in the framework of the cross-effects matrix using values of 0-3, according to their effectiveness or being affected. Findings based on the state of the dispersion plane of the factors indicate the system instability, with most of the variables dispersed around the diagonal axis of the plane. In addition, given the high scores of the effective drivers and those directly affected, 39 out of the 59 variables considered were eventually identified as Mic Mac output, influencing the future identity and sense of place in Kandovan village. The results show that among the 39 driving variables, originality, identity of the village, having a prominent place in architecture compared to contemporary buildings and commitment to maintaining it, a sense of beauty in the village, rooting and belonging, having a diverse combination of form and activity, simultaneous response to all social, economic and cultural needs, and reminiscence over time were the most effective and important.Keywords: Identity and Sense of Place, Rural Sustainability, Driving Factors, Futurology, Kandovan Village, East Azerbaijan. IntroductionOne of the basic foundations of the stability of living in rural areas is the attachment of villagers to the village environment. In villages, history and collective memory have made the issue of identity and sense of place to be of special importance. Therefore, identifying the factors that increase and develop the dependence and spatial connection of villagers is an important action and can be used as a guide for rural planners, designers, and decision-making institutions. Based on this, the main goal of the current research was to identify these factors and variables in Kandavan village through the science of future studies. Materials and MethodsThe current research is analytical and exploratory based on the method and practical based on the goal. The data collection method is documentary and library. The statistical population of this research includes two groups of executive and academic elites and heads of rural households in Kandavan village. To select the sample size, the snowball sampling method was used among elites, followed by the targeted sampling method, and finally, 30 people were selected as a sample. To investigate the point of view of the local community, with the factors affecting the identity and sense of place, the opinions of 155 heads of households were used in full. To examine the issue in the first stage, 72 selected variables in the form of 14 factors were provided to experts. After reviewing their opinions in the second stage, 59 variables in the form of 13 factors were selected as the final list. In the next step, a questionnaire was formed in the framework of the matrix of cross-effects between the factors, based on the degree of influence and effectiveness, and the experts were asked to rate each of the variables with numbers from zero to three. The number 0 indicates no effect, the number 1 indicates a weak effect, the number 2 indicates moderate effects, and the number 3 indicates a high effect, and the potential relationship between the variables was indicated by the letter (p). On the other hand, to examine the views of household heads, Friedman's test was used in SPSS 26 software. Research FindingsThe findings showed that after entering the questionnaires, the results after four times of cross-effects data rotations had 100% favorability, which indicates the favorable validity of the questionnaire. The filling rate of the matrix is 91.73% and this indicates that more than 90% of the factors influence each other. Out of the 59 investigated variables, 17 variables are in the influencing variables group, 23 variables are in the two-dimensional category, three are independent variables, seven variables are in the dependent variables group, and finally six variables have regulatory status. To calculate the direct effects, after increasing the matrix by the software, 39 variables were selected as the key factors of identity and sense of place, which had the most direct and indirect effects. Also, among these key factors, the variables of originality and identity of the village, having a prominent position in architecture compared to contemporary buildings and the commitment to maintain it, the beautiful feeling of movement in the village, rootedness, and belonging, etc. have the greatest impact on identity and feeling. The results of 155 questionnaires distributed among the heads of households in Kandavan village based on Friedman's test showed that social interaction factors with an average rank of 9.33 and recognition with a rank of 9.27 were at the highest level. On the other hand, indifference to the place was evaluated with a rating of 3.40 at the lowest level. Examining the significance results of this test shows that the chi-square value of 432.816 was less than 0.05 and the significance level was 0.000. This statistic shows that there is a significant difference between the frequencies of the group and these differences are statistically confirmed. Discussion of Results and ConclusionThe results of the research findings showed that the things that were chosen as drivers influencing the sense of place create this sense consciously and unconsciously among people and have caused the stability and durability of the village over many centuries and many years. By creating a favorable environment, these cases have created social life in this village. Also, emphasizing the values and identity in the village has led to the creation of a high-quality and memorable space that affects the perceptual quality of architecture, collective memory, and sense of place. By establishing social interaction, the villagers felt the pleasure of life in the village. This has provided a suitable platform for their life, which is the result of internal communication and environmental characteristics, and plays an important role in attachment to the village and maintaining a sense of place. The existence of various combinations of forms and activities has caused the sameness and uniformity to decrease, and because of the structural-physical characteristics of the special elements in the village, it has a special prominence compared to other places. It can be said that the existence of stone houses and special symbols in the village has added to the memorability of the place. In this village, the presence of native and regional values, traditional activities, and jobs has given it a special value and has made it of special importance from the political, economic, and social point of view, so that while taking the current physical organization of the village, its expansion can be done in an orderly manner as a part of the country's management system, given the opportunity to save the village as a living and dynamic heritage phenomenon.
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