خودزایشی واقعیت اجتماعی و نقد رئالیسم انتقادی: مارگارت آرچر و اندرو سه یر (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در این مقاله، دیدگاه هستی شناختی مارگارت آرچر و رویکرد معرفت شناختی اندرو سه یر در باب واقعیت اجتماعی داوری و نقد می شود. برای تبیین پویایی جهان اجتماعی، آرچر نظریه مورفوژنتیک اجتماعی را بنا نهاد که طبق آن، جهان اجتماعی محصول تعامل میان فرهنگ، عاملیت و ساختار است. همچنین اندرو سه یر علاوه بر تأکید بر پیچیدگی ماهیت واقعیت اجتماعی، مدلی نو برای معرفت شناسی اجتماعی ارائه کرد. مدل او مبتنی بر تعامل چندگانه میان محقق (سوژه)، موضوع تحقیق (ابژه) و دیگر سوژه هایی است که در یک اجتماع زبانی مشترک با محقق قرار دارند.روش پژوهش مقاله حاضر از نوع مقایسه ای- تحلیلی است.این مقاله دیدگاه هردو نظریه پرداز را به این جهت که توانایی خودزایشی واقعیت اجتماعی را در این فرایندها نادیده می گیرند، نقد می کند. هم هستی شناسی آرچر و هم معرفت شناسی سه یر، نقش فعال واقعیت اجتماعی را در بازتولید خود نادیده می گیرند.یافته های این مقاله نشان می دهد ویژگی خودزایشی واقعیت اجتماعی از طریق سه مکانیسم «اعمال اجبار بر کنشگر»، «انعطاف پذیری» و «هرمنوتیک مضاعف» می تواند در بازتولید خود مؤثر باشد و کنشگر انسانی-اجتماعی را مقید کند.Self-generation of Social Reality and the Critique of Critical Realism: Margaret Archer and Andrew Sayer
This article tries to critique the ontological perspective of Margaret Archer and Andrew Sayer’s epistemology on social reality. To explain the social world dynamism, Archer introduces morphogenetic social theory. Accordingly, she explain the social world by interaction between culture, agency and structure. Also, Andrew Sayer besides paying attention to the existing complexities in the nature of social reality, struggles to introduce a specific model upon which one can come up with a new formulation of the process of social knowledge. His model is based on the dialectical relation between the researcher (subject), research topic (object) and other subjects who work in a common linguistic community. The article criticizes both approaches because they do not pay attention to the self-generation of social reality. Self-generation is refer to the role of social reality (object) in changing and reproduction of itself. Bothe Archer’s morphogenesis and Sayer’s epistemology neglect the effective role of social reality in self-reproduction.This article tries to critique the ontological perspective of Margaret Archer and Andrew Sayer’s epistemology on social reality. To explain the social world dynamism, Archer introduces morphogenetic social theory. Accordingly, she explain the social world by interaction between culture, agency and structure. Also, Andrew Sayer besides paying attention to the existing complexities in the nature of social reality, struggles to introduce a specific model upon which one can come up with a new formulation of the process of social knowledge. His model is based on the dialectical relation between the researcher (subject), research topic (object) and other subjects who work in a common linguistic community. The article criticizes both approaches because they do not pay attention to the self-generation of social reality. Self-generation is refer to the role of social reality (object) in changing and reproduction of itself. Bothe Archer’s morphogenesis and Sayer’s epistemology neglect the effective role of social reality in self-reproduction.This article tries to critique the ontological perspective of Margaret Archer and Andrew Sayer’s epistemology on social reality. To explain the social world dynamism, Archer introduces morphogenetic social theory. Accordingly, she explain the social world by interaction between culture, agency and structure. Also, Andrew Sayer besides paying attention to the existing complexities in the nature of social reality, struggles to introduce a specific model upon which one can come up with a new formulation of the process of social knowledge. His model is based on the dialectical relation between the researcher (subject), research topic (object) and other subjects who work in a common linguistic community. The article criticizes both approaches because they do not pay attention to the self-generation of social reality. Self-generation is refer to the role of social reality (object) in changing and reproduction of itself. Bothe Archer’s morphogenesis and Sayer’s epistemology neglect the effective role of social reality in self-reproduction.
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