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This paper aims to show the asymmetric effect of oil shocks on Iran’s economy. It uses nonlinear time series models to investigate the asymmetric effect of oil shocks on resource allocation in Iran’s economy. The results show that adverse oil shocks have been more persistent during the last decades and severely negatively affect resource allocation in Iran’s economy. Different oil shocks have different implications for importing and exporting countries, and the rigidity of state fiscal systems in exporting countries causes adverse oil shocks to be more persistent. The oil economy’s response to positive and negative oil shocks depends on the structure of the economy. The government budget and trade balance have significant implications for the effects of oil shocks on oil-exporting economies. The government budget is highly dependent on oil revenues, so in the case of adverse oil shocks, the pass-through exchange rate will cause high inflation because of foreign exchange shortage and overshoot in the exchange rate. 

Organizations enter international competitive markets because of different motivations such as: gaining international fame, long-term growth, increasing profitability, taking advantages of economies of scale, maturing domestic market, the intensity of competition in a domestic market, governmental rules and regulations; but actually, all of the companies aim to export performance improvement. According to the oil industry situation in Iran's vision, the 4th paragraph of general energy policies and, not having a comprehensive model of Iranian oil products export performance, this research could improve and develop this industry in international markets. This research method is phenomenology and statistical society includes export and marketing managers and experts in the oil industry. Non-probable sampling and snowball sampling method was used in this research. Regarding this qualitative research, semi-structured depth interview was used to gather information and 7 deep interviews were done regarding saturated rule. Structure, internal, interpretive and descriptive validity were used in order to Validation; for surveying reliability, revision while coding and surveying by another informed person were used to insure correct coding. After open, axial and selective coding and using Atlas.ti qualitative software, suggested antecedents of Iranian oil products export performance includes: market orientation, company resources, marketing mix, macro environment and items of Iranian oil products export performance includes: financial performance, customer satisfaction and customer retention. Most of the previous studies have focused on positivism and quantitative research methodology while we used the qualitative method in this research.

Currently, the global community is on the threshold of a transition from fossil fuels as a result of transformations such as climate change, entailing the strict implementation of carbon setoff policies and quick progress in green technologies. A transition to clean, low-carbon energies will not only disrupt the global energy system, it will also impact the global economy and political dynamism within and without all states. Based on these transformations, the present article asks the question of how the energy transition will impact the geopolitical future of the global oil economy. The authors hypothesize the following in answer to this question: Given the superior, more advanced position of economic powers such as China and the US in clean energy technologies, we are likely to witness the weakening of traditional oil powers in a post-carbon world, such as the Middle East and North African countries (MENA) and Russia; in contrast, the balance of power will tilt heavily towards current energy consumers. Technology-savvy countries have the knowledge to reproduce and stabilize their power in the global economy. The traditional countries of the energy sector, however, face shortfalls in their infrastructure and modern technologies and will lose their geopolitical position to a large extent.

Financial performance evaluation emerged as the great academia and business concern in the competitive world, today. In order to clarify the progress status and improvement trend of finance, it is of supreme significance to appoint a professional financial performance evaluation study for supportable progress of enterprises. This research focused on the seven important factors which represented principal effects on the financial performance of the Persian Gulf petrochemical companies. In order to achieve the research objectives, experts and engineers of 12 companies in the Persian Gulf petrochemical industry have been surveyed by sampling method, in which 180 questionnaires have been completed and the basis of the work has been used. By the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) divergent validity of all desired factors as well as correspondent of the questionnaire were approved. To meet the research goals, non-parametric analysis demonstrated the main hypothesis of the study regarding the effectiveness of all under investigation parameters. By the Friedman ranking test, the internal processes and external environment of the organization provided the highest and the lowest rank of impact on the financial performance of the Petrochemical companies under review, respectively

Despite numerous upstream communications, there is still no comprehensive and reliable model for implementing these tasks; neither in the literature nor in oil & gas industry. Previously developed models focus more on the outsourcing process and it seems that there is no outsourcing model that has been developed with an eye to utilizing internal capabilities in a portfolio of alliances and be compatible with the unique characteristics of the Iran's oil and gas industry. In an attempt to validate the components of the "Model of development outsourcing physical assets in the oil and gas industry, with the approach of upgrading internal capacity" this study used a questionnaire in a Likert scale (very high, high, moderate, low, and very low). From the population, 102 people participated and a total of 100 completed questionnaires received. Using confirmatory factor analysis the validity of the variables and the questionnaire were examined. In this research, SPSS and Smart PLS softwares were used and the error probability level was considered α = 0.05. The results showed that the model has a good fit. According to the Geiser index, the fit of the model was medium to high and the goodness of fit criterion was equal to 461.0 and indicates the optimal fit of the model.

To be in line with the new environmental paradigms, the present study aims to design an Eco-friendly marketing pattern in Iran’s oil industry. The methodology is a sequential exploratory one. In the qualitative section, grounded theory is used. The creative data were gathered through a theoretical sampling of in-depth, semi-structured interviews of 15 experts from the oil industry. The initial model of the research was achieved with 19 (major) factors which were divided into 6 aspects according to the experts’ views: causal circumstances, the major factor, background circumstances, interventions, strategies and consequences. Next, in the quantitative section, the validity of the research was investigated through a surveying method and the questionnaire tool. The statistical population includes a limited number of managers and experts from the oil industry in research and planning fields, counting up to 170 people from whom 118 were selected through random sampling. After evaluating the reliability of the questionnaire, the questions themselves were validated and their number was narrowed down. Carrying out an explanatory factor analysis, the components were reduced to 14 and the dimensions to 5. The relationship between the dimensions was assessed through the correlation test and then the final pattern was designed. Eventually, the theory of the study was developed under the supervision of experts. The significant results of this study were finding the interventions, including productivity, governmental support, social institutions, and sustainable development along with the strategies, including reviewing the energy section structure, improving the managers’ perspectives and developing the green investments.

Nowadays, knowledge and information is the largest asset of organizations and human beings and having it can lead to a powerful and certainly valuable organization. The purpose of this study is to identify the suitable knowledge acquisition and transfer tools in the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC). This study is applied in terms of purpose and case study from the point of view of strategy. Given the economic conditions of the NIOC as well as the need for maximum use of the knowledge, experience and skills, it is essential to identify the more effective ways of transferring knowledge, especially to the new entrances. Using the mixed method, in the qualitative section identified the tools of knowledge acquisition and transfer by studying leading oil companies in the world in knowledge management and using the expert panel, the appropriate tools for NIOC were determined. In the quantitative part of the research using questionnaire tools and group analytical hierarchical Process (AHP) method, knowledge acquisition and transfer tools were prioritized. Findings demonstrate that the NIOC can be effective in organizing the available knowledge by focusing on community of practice, peer assist, community of learning and lessons learned.

Iran, as the fifth country in the field of crude oil production and the second largest gas producer in the world, is apt to the growth and development of the petrochemical industry, as the largest exporter of non-oil products, has a significant role in economic prosperity. In this respect, considering the sanctions of recent years on the export of crude oil and the situations of selling crude oil, it is important to pay attention to this industry as an effective factor in circumventing the sanctions as well as currency appreciation. In this study, the factors affecting the supply of urea exports to the export destinations of the UAE, Turkey, China and India in the period 2001-2009 are examined and analyzed. According to the studies, the factors that have affected the supply of Iranian urea exports can be referred to as GDP of target countries, real exchange rate, exchange rate fluctuations, trade liberalization, price exchange relationship, refinery raw materials prices and sanctions as livestock variables. . In this study, the real exchange rate volatility index was estimated using the GARCH model and then the supply model of Iranian urea exports was estimated by ARDL pattern. According to studies, the variables of GDP and trade liberalization have a significant positive effect on the supply of Iran exports in the short and long term, but other variables have a significant negative effect on the supply of Iran exports in the short and long term.