تحولات کالبدی- فضایی سکونتگاه های روستایی با تأکید بر گردشگری (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای ساحلی شهرستان رشت) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
گسترش گردشگری از پدیده های مهم امروز است، در واقع در شرایط کنونی میعادگاه گردشگران از شهرهای بزرگ و تاریخی به سوی فضاهای روستایی و طبیعی تغییر ماهیت داده که این امر به نوبه ی خود در زمینه تحولات کالبدی-فضای روستاها تأثیر به سزایی گذاشته است. آنچه در پژوهش حاضر به عنوان هدف اصلی در نظر گرفته شد، تحلیل فضایی تحولات کالبدی-فضایی سکونتگاه های روستایی با تأکید گردشگری در روستاهای ساحلی شهرستان رشت می باشد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف تحقیق کاربردی؛ از لحاظ ماهیت توصیفی-تحلیلی و روش گردآوری داده ها نیز به صورت کتابخانه ای و میدانی است. جامعه آماری، شامل: روستاهای ساحلی شهرستان رشت می باشند که تعداد (11) روستا به عنوان روستاهای نمونه انتخاب شدند که در دو دهه اخیر گردشگری در آن ها رواج یافته و جنبه های مختلف و تحولات کالبدی-فضایی روستا را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. بخش دوم جامعه آماری، شامل: افراد مطلع و آگاه (اعضای شورا و دهیاران) روستاهای ساحلی می باشند که بر اساس نمونه گیری هدفمند تعداد (20)، انتخاب شدند. همچنین به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از نرم افزار SPSS، و آزمون های تعقیبی (Post Hoc)، و (Tukey HSD)، و مدل (FARAS)، استفاده شده است. نتایج آزمون تی تک نمونه ای نشان داد گردشگری در تحولات (معماری مساکن روستایی، تغییر در بافت و نظام کالبدی، تغییر در نظام کارکردی و تغییر در نظام ارتباطی)، تاثیر زیادی داشته است. همچین در تحولات معماری مساکن روستایی، و از بین روستاهای ساحلی، باغ امیربکنده با مقدار 3/78، طالش محله با مقدار 3/22، علی زیبا کنار با مقدار 3/25، در طبقه سوم (تأثیر زیاد)، بیشترین میزان تأثیرپذیری را از گردشگری به خود اختصاص داده اند، و سایر روستاها در گروه طبقه دوم (تأثیر متوسط ) را با تأکید بر گردشگری شامل شدند. در تحولات تغییر در بافت و نظام کالبدی، از بین روستاهای مورد مطالعه، روستای علی زیبا کنار با مقدار 3/11، بیشترین میزان تأثیرپذیری را از گردشگری به خود اختصاص داده اند، و سایر روستاها در گروه طبقه دوم (تأثیر متوسط ) را با تأکید بر گردشگری شامل شدند. در تحولات تغییر نظام کارکردی و ارتباطی، تمامی روستاها در گروه طبقه دوم (تأثیر متوسط ) را با تأکید بر گردشگری شامل شدند. همچنین نتایج مدل آراس فازی نشان داد، تحولات تغییر در بافت و کالبد روستا با مقدار وزن 0/413 و تغییرات در نظام ارتباطی با مقدار وزن 0/390، بیشترین و کمترین میزان تأثیرپذیری را از گردشگری در روستاهای ساحلی شهرستان رشت به خود اختصاص داده اند.Spatial Analysis of Physical-Spatial Developments in Rural Settlements with a Touristic Landscape (Study Case: Coastal Villages of Rasht County)
changes in the texture and physical system, changes in the functional system and changes in the communication system). Similarly, in the architectural developments of rural houses, and among the coastal villages of Bagh Amirbekandeh with a value of 3.78, Talesh Mahalle with a value of 3.22, Ali Ziba Kanaar with a value of 3.25, in the third floor (high impact), the highest impact rate is from are allocated to tourism, and other villages were included in the second class group (moderate impact) with emphasis on tourism In the changes in the texture and physical system, among the villages of Ali Ziba Kanaar, with a value of 3.11, they have the highest level of impact from tourism, and other villages in the second class group (moderate impact) with an emphasis on tourism. Were included in the transformations of changing the functional and communication system, all villages were included in the second class group (medium impact) with emphasis on tourism. The results of the spatial analysis of developments in rural settlements showed that there is a correlation between the mentioned developments, in this regard, the correlation test was used for more assurance, which the results of the test showed, the correlation between the developments showed that tourism as an industry and the basic activity is in the rural settlements, whose impact in each of the mentioned physical-spatial developments depends on other developments. Extended Introduction Until a few decades ago, the coastal villages of Rasht have only had an agricultural role. However, for the past two decades, they have also embraced a service-oriented role, and many agricultural lands in these areas have yet to be included in the production cycle. In this way, the traditional functions of the region in agriculture and animal husbandry have weakened, and the villages have increasingly adopted the role and function of recreational and tourist centers, both centralized and decentralized. The consequence of the villages becoming tourist-oriented is environmental, economic, and social changes, resulting in physical-spatial developments in the villages. Among these, the coastal villages of Rasht, due to their proximity to the provincial center and the existence of the Caspian Free Trade-Industrial Zone, receive more attention from tourists. Attention to these villages includes short-hour trips and temporary stays in the villages (second house). As a result, the physical structure and spaces of the coastal villages have been influenced. In this regard, 11 coastal villages in Rasht City are of tourist interest due to the presence of attractions. The flourishing tourism activities have transformed the physical-spatial structure of these villages. The most significant changes are:The expansion of second homes.Changes in land use.Developments in the types of economic activities.The prosperity of service-related activities.The intensity of the role of tourism in the physical-spatial developments of coastal villages can be a noteworthy point in the current research. Given the above considerations, this research aimed to address the following questions:1- To what extent does tourism affect the physical-spatial developments of the coastal villages of Rasht City? And which of the developments has the greatest effect?2- What is the spatial analysis of physical-spatial developments in the coastal villages of Rasht City with a focus on tourism?MethodologyIn terms of its nature, the present research utilized quantitative data and was practical based on its objective. A survey method was employed using a questionnaire technique for data collection. The statistical population of the research consisted of two parts: the first part included coastal villages in Rasht City, with a sample of (11) villages. The second part included informed individuals (members of councils and village administrators) in coastal villages. A targeted sampling method was used to select a total of (20) individuals. Furthermore, the SPSS software, post hoc tests (Post Hoc) and (Tukey HSD), and the FARAS model have been utilized for data analysis.Results and discussionThe results of the one-sample t-test indicated that tourism has had a significant effect on developments in rural housing architecture, changes in the structure and spatial system, changes in the functional system, and changes in the communication system. In the developments of rural housing architecture, among the coastal villages, Bāgh-e Amirbekandeh with a value of 3.78, Tālesh Mahalleh with 3.22, and Ali Zibā Kenār with 3.25, in the third category (high impact), have attributed the highest level of susceptibility to tourism. Other villages emphasizing tourism were included in the second category (moderate effect). In the developments related to changes in the structure and spatial system, among the villages, Ali Zibā Kenār has allocated the highest level of susceptibility to tourism, with a value of 3.11. Other villages emphasizing tourism were included in the second category (moderate effect). In the developments related to changes in the functional and communicative system, all villages were included in the second category (moderate effect), emphasizing tourism. The results of spatial analysis of developments in rural settlements indicated a correlation among the mentioned developments. A correlation test was used to ensure greater confidence in the correlation, and the results indicated a significant correlation between the mentioned developments. The test showed that tourism, as an industry and fundamental activity in rural settlements, affects each of the discussed physical-spatial developments, and a correlation exists among these developments.Furthermore, the results of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FARAS) model indicated that changes in the structure and physical form of the villages, with a weight value of 0.413, and changes in the communication system, with a weight value of 0.390, have attributed the highest and lowest susceptibility to the influence of tourism in the coastal villages of Rasht City.ConclusionTourism in the coastal villages of Rasht City, on the one hand, has contributed to economic growth and the diversity of rural activities, providing income for rural residents. On the other hand, it has led to the expansion of second houses, changes in land use, transformations in the types of economic activities, the prosperity of service-related activities, and an increase in land and housing prices.FundingThere is no funding support.Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the persons for scientific consulting in this paper.
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