آرشیو

آرشیو شماره ها:
۵۶

چکیده

هدف: زندگی سازمانی، نوعی زندگیِ روایی و تجربه کارکنان در سازمان آغشته با داستان ها و روایت های مثبت و منفی است. تجربه طردشدن از متن سازمان و به حاشیه رفتن، یکی از تجاربی است که در سال های اخیر، روایت های زیادی را در محیط های کاری با خود به دنبال آورده است. هدف این پژوهش، فهم پدیده به حاشیه رانده شدن کارکنان در سازمان با واکاوی روایت و داستان های افرادی است که در یک سازماندولتی این پدیده را تجربه کرده اند. روش: در گام نخست و مبتنی بر روش نمونه گیریِ هدفمند، مشارکت کنندگان اولیه پژوهش انتخاب و در ادامه با مشارکت و هم فکریِ ایشان، مشارکت کنندگان دیگری با روش نمونه گیری گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند. روایت های و تجربه زیسته کارکنان با انجام 60 مصاحبه احصا و تحلیل شد. عناصر معنایی مشترک از دل داستان ها و روایت های این مشارکت کنندگان، استخراج و با فن تحلیل مضمون، در قالب پیشایندها، مصادیق و پسایندهای به حاشیه رانده شدن ارائه شد. عناصر معنایی مشترک از به حاشیه رانده شدن، مواردی بودند که در بیش از نیمی از مصاحبه ها به آن ها اشاره شده بود. یافته ها: بر اساس یافته های به دست آمده، الگوی به حاشیه رانده شدن کارکنان در سازمان تدوین و به بحث گذاشته شد. شناسایی پیشایندها (غیربومی ستیزی، سقف و محدودیت در حقوق پرداختی، مدرک گرایی و...)، مصادیق (ترک خدمت مجازی، کاهش تعهد نگرشی، کاهش عملکرد وظیفه ای و...) و پسایندهای (نافرمانی مدنی، بی اعتنایی به کار و محل کار، ترک سازمان و...) به حاشیه رانده شدن کارکنان همراه با ابعاد و عناصر تشکیل دهنده هر یک از این مقوله ها، از جمله یافته های پژوهش بود. نتیجه گیری: یافته های پژوهش، حاکی از دو نوع به حاشیه رانده شدن در سازمان بود که با نام های به حاشیه رانده شدنِ تحمیلی و به حاشیه رانده شدنِ ترجیحی مورد بحث و واکاوی قرار گرفت. در پایان رهنمودهایی جهت مقابله با این پدیده در سازمان ارائه شد.

Understanding Employee Marginalization: A Narrative Inquiry into the Experiences of Employees in a Public Organization

Objective This study aims to understand employee marginalization by analyzing the narratives and stories of employees who have experienced this phenomenon in an Iranian public organization. Methods The research participants were selected at the first stage based on the purposive sampling method. Prototypes were selected from elite employees and graduates of universities in Iran, who, according to their years of service, did not pass their occupation levels and were in a job position far lower than the position appropriate to their abilities. Next, the employees, who possessed the mentioned characteristics and were introduced to and confirmed by the initial participants, were selected by the snowball method as the next samples. The interviews conducted with the participants of the research continued until reaching saturation, according to which the number of participants reached 60 people. Before the beginning of the interview, to create a sense of trust between the parties and to secure the participants’ freedom to express their opinions and issues, they were assured that their names would remain confidential and their interviewees would be introduced only based on a code. The common semantic elements in the participants’ stories and narratives were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique after extraction and were presented in the form of antecedents, examples, and consequences. The elements, which were mentioned in more than half of the interviews, were the employees’ common semantic elements of marginalization in the organization.  The employees’ common elements of marginalization in the organization were expressed in the form of antecedents, which were examined as the crucial reasons for the occurrence of the phenomenon in the organization, and adequate explanations for each of them were provided. This single-section research was conducted in a certain period, and its results can be applied and generalized in the investigated organization and organizations with a similar structure. The present research was conducted under the framework of a critical paradigm since the researchers encountered the disclosure of hidden injustice in the heart of an organization. Additionally, the critical paradigm investigated questions concerning values and assumptions, participation in social actions, exposing injustice, and challenging traditional structures. Results According to the findings, the employees’ pattern of marginalization in the organization was compiled and discussed. This study could identify antecedents (non-nativism, document orientation, anti-elitism, etc.), examples (leaving virtual service, reducing attitudinal commitment, reducing task performance, etc.), and consequences (disregarding work and workplace, leaving the organization, etc.), as well as the marginalization of employees with the dimensions and constituent elements of each of the categories. Conclusion According to the obtained results, the employees’ perceptions of two types of marginalization in the organization were discussed and analyzed as “Imposed Marginalization” and “Preferred Marginalization”.

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