بررسی تحلیلی تجدیدحیات رودخانه های شهری به مثابه مکان عمومی پایدار و تبیین مدل مفهومی آن؛ نمونه موردی: بالقلی چای (اردبیل)، زاینده رود (اصفهان)، کارون (اهواز)، زرجوب (رشت) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
رودخانه های شهری، بر اثر توسعه شتابان شهرنشینی با چالش های فراوانی روبرو شده اند. رویکرد مؤخر «بازآفرینی شهری پایدار آبکنار» در پی احیای آنها در قالب «مکان های پایدار» در توازن با مقوله حفاظت اکولوژیک است. پژوهش حاضر، ضمن بررسی ارزیابی مردم از اقدامات انجام شده روی رودخانه ها و سنجش کلان کیفیت آنها به عنوان مکان های عمومی، در تلاش برای تبیین چگونگی تجدیدحیات رودخانه به مثابه مکان عمومی پایدار است. بنیان فلسفی پژوهش عمل گرایی، رویکرد آن آمیخته پژوهی و روش تحقیق، موردکاوی رودخانه در شهرهای اصفهان، اهواز، اردبیل و رشت است. مفهوم و چگونگی تجدیدحیات پایدار، از طریق ادبیات موضوع و تجارب مشابه واکاوی شده و به واسطه بررسی های میدانی مبتنی بر تحلیل محتوا و تئوری زمینه ای تکمیل شده است. مکان سنجی نمونه های موردی بیانگر آن است که از دیدگاه مردم، کیفیت مکان های عمومی مبتنی بر کارون و زرجوب در سطح متوسط به پایین، بالقلی چای اردبیل در سطح متوسط و زاینده رود اصفهان در سطح متوسط رو به بالا قرار دارد. اقدامات اصلاحی تا حدودی موجب ارتقای وضع رودخانه و مکان های عمومی آن شده است. تجدیدحیات پایدار رودخانه های شهری، به دنبال احیای آن در قالب «مکان عمومی پایدار» است. سازوکارهای کلان این رویکرد شامل: توازن ابعاد رودخانه و مواجهه فعال و جامع نگر با آن، تسهیل عملکردهای مختلف، رویکرد کل نگر نسبت به رودخانه، اولویت سلامت رودخانه به عنوان سامانه زیستی باز و سرشار از تنوع، تمرکز توأمان بر «درونداد، فرایند، برونداد، کیفیات، اثرات»، پیوستگی رودخانه، زمینه سازی حضور انسان برای تجربه مکان، بازتعریف جایگاه رودخانه در نظام های کلان زیست محیطی/ اجتماعی/ اقتصادی، تناظر فرایند با چرخه حیات مکان عمومی و متکی بر سازندهای آن، توجه به انتظارات شهروندان در فرایند مراجعه و تسهیل ارتباط شهر/ شهروندان/ رودخانه است.Analytical Study of Urban River Regeneration as a Sustainable Public Place and Explanation of its Conceptual Model; Case studies: Balgholi Chai (Ardabil), Zayandehrood (Isfahan), Karun (Ahvaz), Zarjoub (Rasht)
Extended Abstract Background and Objectives: Urban rivers are public spaces whose relationship with humans has been the focus of renewed attention in the 2000s and are considered a suitable opportunity for local communities. The experiences of the cities such as Dezful, Isfahan, Shushtar, etc., show that rivers have played an effective role in locating and expanding cities, providing water and energy, ventilation and climate comfort, creating social spaces and spending leisure time, and have been a part of the residents’ lives. However, their current situation indicates oblivion and ignorance of the links between people, cities, and rivers. So, rivers have faced many challenges, such as instability, pollution, habitat destruction, and malfunctions with the rapid development of urbanization. In urban design, this situation has weakened the spatial quality and turned rivers into wetlands with various problems. Therefore, any effort to preserve and restore these water sources is very important. In this regard, urban design can play an important role by re-establishing the links between the city and the river. For this purpose, the current research seeks an integrated approach of “river regeneration as a sustainable public place”; A natural-urban area that brings the river from the peripheral regions to the urban context to be effective in the quality of urban life. The latter approach of “sustainable waterfront urban regeneration” seeks to revive them as “sustainable places” in balance with the category of ecological protection. The current research is trying to explain how to revive the river as a sustainable public place while investigating people’s assessment of the measures taken on rivers and their macro quality as public places. Methods: The philosophical foundation of the research is pragmatism. Therefore, the research approach is combinational, and the research method is based on the case study of the rivers in Isfahan, Ahvaz, Ardabil, and Rasht. The concepts and methods of sustainable revitalization have been analyzed through literature review and similar experiences and have been completed through field surveys based on content analysis and contextual theory. Findings: “Sustainable revitalization of the river as a sustainable public place” is a comprehensive and integrated approach and a strategic and synergistic program in the framework of sustainable development (with a priority on the environmental dimension) in line with connecting the river with the city’s life system and returning it to the context of citizens’ lives. So, this framework is introduced along with revitalizing the river and paying attention to its challenges, with minimal physical interventions and changing the instrumental view of humans, through the processes of bed creation, place-making, exploitation, place ownership, and place cultivation, as a “sustainable public place” focusing on the urban rivers to emerge, play a role in the social life of citizens and compete with other economic sectors. Using the latest aspect of sustainable urban regeneration, i.e., creating a “sustainable place” that relies on the dimension of social sustainability as a certainty of development, this approach has made the public space of urban rivers centered on the river a criterion of action and the relationship between the city and its residents. It establishes a close relationship with nature. In fact, the attraction and access of the city people to the river by relying on the social aspect of nature, such as spending leisure time, their common interest, the protection of the river in the minds of the citizens, etc., leads to a balance between economic interests and environmental goals and provides public access to the river. Conclusion: The geospatial information of the case studies shows that from people’s point of view, the quality of public places based on Karun and Zarjoub is at a medium to a low level, Balgholi Chai of Ardabil is at a medium level, and Zayandehrood of Isfahan is at a medium to a high level. Nevertheless, corrective measures have improved the condition of the rivers and their public places to some extent. The sustainable revitalization of urban rivers seeks to revive them in the form of a “sustainable public place”. The macro mechanisms of this approach include the balancing of the river dimensions, an active and comprehensive consideration, the facilitation of various functions, a holistic approach to the river, the priority of the river sanitation condition as an open biological system full of diversity, simultaneous focus on “input, process, output, qualities, effects”, river integration, grounding the human presence to experience the place, redefining the place of the river in macro-environmental, social, economic systems, balancing the process with the life cycle of the public place and relying on its formations, paying attention to the expectations of the citizens in the process and facilitating the communication of the city, the citizens, and the river.
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