عوامل روان شناختی و اجتماعی مؤثر بر دروغگویی در زندگی روزمره در بین شهروندان 18 تا 65 سال شهر یاسوج (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
زندگی روزمره اجتماعی انسان ها همواره در مسیری مستقیم و مطابق با انتظارات افراد جامعه از یکدیگر پیش نمی رود. یکی از نمودهای فراز و نشیب در این زندگی روزمره، پدیده دروغگویی است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، بررسی دروغگویی در زندگی روزمره اجتماعی و عوامل روان شناختی و اجتماعی مؤثر بر آن در بین شهروندان 18 تا 65 سال شهر یاسوج است. پژوهش حاضر به روش پیمایشی انجام شد. جامعه آماری را شهروندان 18 تا 65 سال شهر یاسوج در سال 1400 تشکیل می دهند که تعداد 365 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری به دست آمد. شیوه نمونه گیری، خوشه ا ی تصادفی چند مرحله ای بود. برای سنجش اعتبار ابزار تحقیق از اعتبار صوری و برای سنجش پایایی، از همسانی درونی به روش ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد هرچه میزان احساس امنیت اجتماعی افزایش پیدا می کند، میزان دروغگویی کمتر می شود. بین دو متغیر عزت نفس و میزان دروغگویی در بین شهروندان شهر یاسوج رابطه معکوس و معناداری وجود داشت. به علاوه اینکه با استفاده از تحلیل مسیر، مشخص شد احساس امنیت اجتماعی ازطریق عزت نفس نیز با دروغگویی رابطه معناداری دارد. همچنین هرچه میزان مواجهه با دروغ در دوران کودکی بیشتر باشد، میزان دروغگویی نیز بیشتر می شود. بین متغیرهای باورهای دینی، سن و میزان دروغگویی در بین شهروندان شهر یاسوج رابطه معکوس و معناداری وجود داشت؛ اما بین دروغگویی برحسب متغیرهای جنسیت و تحصیلات پاسخگویان تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت و میانگین دروغگویی در افراد مجرد بیشتر از متأهلین نشان داده شد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره نشان داد متغیرهای امنیت اجتماعی، مواجهه با دروغ، باورهای دینی و عزت نفس به طور هم زمان توانستند 5/32درصد از متغیر وابسته را تبیین کنند.Investigating Social and Psychological Factors that Affect Lying in Daily Life: A Case Study of 18-65-Year-Old Citizens in Yasouj City
Introduction
Human is a social being. Every person needs certain facilities in his life and requires suitable situations for growth. If a society can meet the needs of its people, the people of that society will grow and strengthen their skills, but if there is a mismatch between their levels of needs and facilities in the society, they will then show different reactions to this situation. One of these reactions to not meeting one's needs is lying. The main purpose of this research was to investigate lying in daily social life and the psychological and social factors affecting it among Yasouj citizens aged 18 to 65 years.
Materials and Methods
The current research was conducted via a survey method and the statistical population included the citizens aged 18 to 65 years in Yasouj City in 2022. 365 people were selected as the statistical sample. The sampling method was based on a multi-stage random cluster. Face validity was used to measure the research validity and internal consistency was applied to measure its reliability by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this research, 4 independent variables and an intermediate variable were considered to explain the phenomenon of lying. The path analysis method was employed to measure the direct and indirect effects of the variables.
Discussion of Results & Conclusion
In this study, the rate of lying was lower than its average value. Meanwhile, the belief dimension of lying was more severe than its behavioral dimension. In other words, people told a lie less in practice, but believed more that lying was necessary in everyday life. The results showed that the rat of lying decreased with the increasing rate of social security. There was an inverse significant relationship between the two variables of self-esteem and lying among the citizens of Yasouj City. By using the path analysis, it was determined that the feeling of social security through self-esteem had a significant relationship with lying. Also, the more exposure to the lying situation there was, the more rate of lying occurred. Moreover, there was an inverse significant relationship between the variables of religiosity, age, and lying rate among the citizens. There were no significant differences in the levels of lying based on the variables of gender and level of education. The average rate of lying was shown to be higher in the single compared to the married people. The results of multivariate regression analysis revealed that the variables of social security, exposure to a lying situation, religiosity, self-esteem, and level of education could simultaneously explain 32.5% of the dependent variable.
People learn deviant behaviors in the process of their growth in the society. This causes a disruption in the order of the society by itself and exposes the structure of the society to the danger of disorder. The results obtained from analysis of the findings showed that there was a rate of lying in the studied society although its level was below the average level. There were many factors that could answer the question of why lying occurred. In this research, it was the feeling of social security that influenced whether to tell a lie or not. People need security from the beginning of their life and search for it. According to Giddens, there is a need for existential security in the unconscious structure of the mind. Yet, people who want to achieve it look at their social environment; when they feel that this sense of security is threatened, they look for solutions for it. Lying can be a temporary means to meet the need for existential security. In general, it could be concluded that the variables of social security, exposure to lies, religiosity, and self-esteem played an important role in explaining the variable of lying. Lying becomes widespread when social security is endangered and gradually weakens people’s self-esteem on the one hand and the sources of external control lose their abilities in such a situation on the other hand. Regarding the variable of religion, it could be stated that this variable was an important deterrent factor for showing a deviant behavior. Religion always encourages people to do a correct act and be honest since a truthful and honest person has a high position in the eyes of God. This problem of lying is especially intensified when a person has had an experience of it in his childhood and his subconscious mind also accompanies him in this path. A person who has grown up in a poison or an environment, in which lying has been frequently practiced, will certainly carry out the same behavior in adulthood. Thus, there are a set of factors that may lead to a deviant behavior.
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