تبیین معیارهای کلیدی فرآیند شکل گیری هویت مکان در توسعه شهری جدید (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 22 تهران) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مقاله حاضر به تبیین معیارهای کلیدی فرآیند شکل گیری هویت مکان در توسعه شهری جدید می پردازد. به همین منظور و براساس مبانی نظری شامل نظریه ها و دیدگاه های مهم و نیز پژوهش های موردی قابل توجه و شناسایی شده در چارچوب هدف مذکور، 8 معیار کلیدی «آشنایی و شناخت»، «خوانایی و تشخص»، «رضایت مندی»، «خودکارآمدی»، «تعامل اجتماعی»، «تناسب محیطی»، «دلبستگی» و «خاطره انگیزی» در زمینه شکل گیری، احراز و تشخیص هویت مکان از نقطه نظر ساکنان در توسعه شهری جدید دارای اهمیت می باشند. بررسی و تبیین بیشتر این 8 معیار، در مجموع به واسطه 29 زیرمعیار و 50 سنجه (متغیر) با استناد به انجام تحلیل عاملی تاییدی در خصوص تایید سازه های عاملی فوق به همراه روایی و پایایی در ارتباط با مطالعه موردی شامل شهرک های دهکده المپیک، چشمه، راه آهن و صدرا مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این چنین، امکان طرح مدلی 8 عاملی در زمینه مطالعه و سنجش هویت مکان در توسعه شهری جدید فراهم شده که در عین حال، گامی اساسی در مسیر تدوین و ارائه مدلی ساختاری در سطحی فراتر است. کفایت برازندگی این مدل اندازه گیری (سنجش)، به واسطه شاخص های مختلف، گویای آن است که الگوی مورد توجه از نقطه نظر هماهنگی داده ها شامل 638 نمونه مورد توجه با ساختار عاملی آن، از برازندگی قابل قبولی برخوردار است.Explanation of the Key Criteria of the Process of Place-Identity Formation in New Urban Development* (Case Study: District 22 of Tehran)
This research aims to explain the key criteria of the process of place-identity formation in new urban development. Based on the theories, views, and researches that are identified and cited in the framework of the mentioned purpose, eight key criteria are important and considered. These criteria are included “Familiarity”, “Environmental Legibility and Distinctiveness”, “Satisfaction”, “Environmental Self-Efficacy”, “Social Interaction”, “Environmental Congruency”, “Attachment”, and “Memorability”. These eight key criteria have been investigated with 29 sub-criteria and 50 measures or variables in total through the confirmatory factor analysis with confirmation of 8 structures and validity and reliability. This analysis has been done in relation to the case study, selected neighborhoods from District 22 of Tehran including Dehkadeh-Olympic, Cheshmeh, Rah-Ahan, and Sadra Towns, respectively with reference to 154, 157, 166, 161, and 638 samples in total. To this end, the views of the local inhabitants have been focused through a questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert-type scale including “1: very poor”, “2: poor”, “3: average or fair”, “4: Good”, and “5: Very good”. Results of the factor analysis show that these structures are in the range of 61 to 81 percent in terms of the total variance explained and reflected. The values of this index in relation to the Familiarity, Environmental Legibility and Distinctiveness, Satisfaction, Environmental Self-Efficacy, Social Interaction, Environmental Congruency, Attachment, and Memorability are about 71%, 61%, 70%, 64%, 70%, 61%, 72%, and 81%. According to the statuses of each of the key criteria, as the scores show, all eight factors of the process of place-identity formation in new urban development are average (2.96 to 3.04). However, separate output indicates that their statuses are better than average in Dehkadeh-Olympic (3.21-3.4), average in Cheshmeh (3.03-3.15), close to average in Rah-Ahan (2.80-3.04), and between poor and average in Sadra town (2.47-2.76). Accordingly, it can be said that the situation of identification as the formation of sense and identity of place is more favorable in Dehkadeh-Olympic compared to the other towns. A measurement model for the process of place-identity formation in new urban development has been suggested based on the above-mentioned eight criteria or factor structures. This finding is an essential step on the path of developing a structural model in this regard. Statistical tests and indices of the model fit assessment establish that this suggested measurement model is acceptable in term of the coordination of actual data including 638 samples with factor structure. In reference to the contribution and role of this research, it can be emphasized that the foundation of any insight and vision on the mechanism of the place-identity formation in new urban development is only possible by simultaneous attention to all the key criteria: Familiarity, Environmental Legibility and Distinctiveness, Satisfaction, Environmental Self-Efficacy, Social Interaction, Environmental Congruency, Attachment, and Memorability. In addition, evaluation of this process, planning, and acting in order to accelerate and enhance it should be considered accordingly based on this framework. Further specific studies on these criteria or factors and their effectivenesses and relationships are issues that can be addressed in future researches for clarification of the theoretical and empirical findings.
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