پُست مدرنیسم و تأثیر آن در هنر درمانی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
جنبش پست مدرن در دهه 1960 به عنوان واکنشی علیه مدرنیسم پدید آمد که مهم ترین وجهه تمایز آن با دوران های قبل، نوع نگاه آن به واقعیّت و نگرش انتقادی نسبت به قطعیّت علوم و حقایق بود. فرهنگ پست مدرن بیان گر یک نظریه نظام مند و فراگیر نیست، در این دیدگاه، واقعیّت برای افراد، متفاوت بوده و بر اساس ادراک، فرهنگ و زبان آنها مشخص می شود. بر این اساس، شالوده شکنی از مهم ترین مظاهر پست مدرن به شمار می رود که نه تنها در گفتمان زیبایی شناسی، بلکه در علومی چون روان شناسی تاثیر گذاشته است. هدف این پژوهش، مطالعه نظری و بررسی تاثیر ویژگی های پست مدرنیسم در هنر درمانی پست مدرن به شیوه توصیفی- تحلیلی است. پرسش اصلی پژوهش این است که هنر درمانی پست مدرن تا چه میزان با مفاهیم مطرح در جهان بینی پست مدرن ارتباط دارد.در این پژوهش، فرض بر آن است که مفاهیم مطرح در پست مدرن، به طور مشخص به هنر درمانی پست مدرن راه یافتند. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش موید آن است که ساختارشکنی سازه های اجتماعی، اهمیّت واقعیّت های چندگانه، اهمیّت وجهه اجتماعی هنر، فعالیت گروهی و مبتنی بر گفتمان، کثرت گرایی، اهمیت تاویل مخاطب، استفاده از استعاره، ایهام و کاربرد رسانه های مختلف در خلق آثار هنری از مهم ترین ویژگی هایی است که در هنر درمانی پست مدرن مطرح و به کار گرفته شدند.Post modernism and its impact on art therapy
Postmodern movement emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against modernism, the most important differences which distinguished it from previous periods were its attitude to the reality and critical attitude towards the certainty of science and truth. In this view, reality differs for individuals and is determined by the perception, culture and language. In this view, each person's perception of reality is the product of his attitude to the life, so the existence of an absolute reality is rejected. Postmodern culture does not represent a systematic and pervasive theory because every individual or culture measures reality in its own way; so they can be understood by their own criteria, not by a standard and objective one. People also use language to construct their inner realities, so each person's words and manner of speech reflect the internalized realities and their perceptions of reality. Based on what has been said, deconstruction can be considered one of the most important postmodern manifestations that has influenced not only on aesthetics discourses but also in the sciences such as psychology in the last three decades of the twentieth century. This approach seeks to eliminate and abolish universal principles and emphasizes diversity, plurality, differences, contradiction and relativity. Accordingly, postmodern psychotherapy also came under the influence of postmodern philosophy. Social constructivism is a postmodern view of therapy that believes reality is not outside to be found; it is built within each of us and socially constructed through the interaction of culture, perception, and language. So everyone is personally and actively involved in making his own reality. The purpose of this paper is to study and investigate the impact of the features proposed in postmodernism on postmodern art therapy in an analytical and theoretical way. The main question is to find in what extent postmodern art therapy is related to the concepts in postmodernism. In this study, it is assumed that the concepts discussed in postmodern philosophy are specifically applied to the postmodern art therapy. The results of this study confirm that the deconstruction of social structures and internalized narratives, the importance of multiple realities, the importance of social aspect of art, group and discourse-based activities, pluralism, the importance of audience interpretation, the use of metaphor and etchings as well as the use of different medias in creation of artworks are among the most important features that have been introduced and applied in postmodern art therapy. Postmodern art therapy began as a means of combating social conditions, with the idea that individuals are influenced not only by their childhood experiences in the family, but also by culture, ethnic, race, gender, politic and other issues in the life. In this context, art was used as a means of expressing multiple realities to establish mutual discourses and communication as well as identifying and eliminating the dominant narratives of life. In this way according to post modern art therapy all people have the ability to lead their own lives in ways that are both satisfying and socially productive.
تبلیغات
