کاربست اصول و ملاحظات توسعه مجدد اراضی قهوه ای شهری: پهنه صنعتی متروک در محله حکیمیه تهران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
همجواری اراضی قهوه ای با بافت شهر و خصوصا محلات مسکونی، در پی توسعه شهری، تهدیدی جدی و در عین حال، فرصتی حیاتی ناظر بر تنزل و یا ارتقا کیفیت های زیست نظیر سرزندگی، پویایی و امنیت محیطی است. علیرغم تلاش های انجام شده در سال های اخیر، در جهان و نیز کشور، به منظور احیاء و توسعه مجدد این اراضی، تدوین اصول و ملاحظات مدون به منظور کاربست در فرآیند توسعه مجدد آن ها، هم چنان مغفول مانده است. از این رو، پژوهش حاضر به دنبال کاربست اصول و ملاحظات در چارچوب توسعه مجدد اراضی قهوه ای شهری است. رویکرد پژوهش، کیفی و روش شناسی در سطح نظری، فراترکیب است تا اصول و ملاحظات ابتدا از میان ادبیات، استخراج و تدوین و سپس در سطح تجربی و مبتنی بر روش مطالعه موردی، در ارتباط با نمونه ای عینی، به صورت مصداقی واکاوی شوند. این چنین، اصول «درک اهمیت و روایت مکان»، «تعیین علل فرسودگی و متروک شدن سایت»، «پاکسازی یا مهار آلودگی ها»، «سازگاری استفاده ثانویه متناسب با شرایط سایت و بافت پیرامونی»، «انعطاف پذیری به منظور استفاده مجدد»، «حفظ، نمایش و به کارگیری عناصر هویتمند و واجد ارزش» و «حفظ و ارتقاء کیفیت دید» و ملاحظات اختصاصی هر یک، در پهنه صنعتی متروک متعلق به کارخانه روغن نباتی ناب واقع در محله حکیمیه شهر تهران، به عنوان نمونه مطالعاتی، مورد کاربست قرار گرفته اند. پیاده سازی و تطبیق اصول هفت گانه مذکور متناسب با شرایط خاص هر سایت، گامی اساسی و رهیافتی کلیدی در پاسخ به چالش توسعه مجدد اراضی قهوه ای شهری و متعاقبا مراحل برنامه ریزی و طراحی آن ها است.Application of the Principles and Considerations of Urban Brownfields Redevelopment: An Abandoned Industrial Zone in Hakimiyeh Neighborhood of Tehran
The proximity of brownfields to the city’s urban fabric, predominantly residential areas, due to urban development, is a severe threat and, at the same time, a vital opportunity to reduce or improve living qualities, such as environmental vitality, dynamism, and security. Despite recent efforts concerning the brownfields’ revitalization, the principles and considerations in their redevelopment process have been neglected. Therefore, the present study seeks to apply the principles and considerations in the redevelopment framework of urban brownfields. The research approach is qualitative, and the method adopted at the theoretical level is meta-synthesis. Accordingly, the principles and considerations were first extracted and compiled from the literature, then scrutinized and applied at the empirical level through the case study method. The principles of “understanding the importance and narrative of the place,” “determining the causes of site obsolescence,” “cleaning up or controlling pollution,” “adapting the secondary use to the site conditions and surrounding context,” “flexibility of the reuse,” “preservation, display and use of identified and valuable elements”, and “preservation and improvement of landscape” with their specific considerations have been applied in the abandoned industrial zone belonging to the Naab Vegetable Oil Factory, located in the Hakimieh neighborhood of Tehran. Fulfilling and implementing these seven principles under the particular conditions of each site is an important step and a fundamental approach in responding to the challenge of the redevelopment of urban brownfields and, subsequently, their planning and design phases Extended Abstract Introduction During the last few decades, several industrial sites have been idled or abandoned through the economy’s restructuring. These sites, which are so-called brownfields or industrial heritage because of having technical and architectural features and containing tangible or intangible values, need to be transformed from industrial centers into cultural ones to provide new functions. The proximity of brownfields to the city’s urban fabric, predominantly residential areas, due to urban development, is a severe threat and, at the same time, a vital opportunity to reduce or improve living qualities, such as environmental vitality, dynamism, and security. Despite recent efforts concerning the brownfields’ revitalization, the principles and considerations in their redevelopment process have been neglected. Therefore, the present study seeks to apply the principles and considerations in the redevelopment framework of urban brownfields. Methodology The research approach is qualitative, and the method adopted at the theoretical level is meta-synthesis. Accordingly, the principles and considerations were first extracted and compiled from the literature, then scrutinized and applied at the empirical level through the case study method, including tools such as field surveys and observations, review of the available documents, and obtaining the opinions of the residents and the former factory officials as the sources of data collection. The case study focuses on the abandoned industrial zone belonging to the Naab Vegetable Oil Factory, located in the Hakimieh neighborhood of Tehran. Its activities, with a history of more than 50 years, have been stopped since 2012 because of the residents’ dissatisfaction due to the unpleasant smell, as well as numerous warnings from the organizations, including the Municipality and the Department of Environment. After the closure, the factory’s space has been rented to more than 70 small-scale industrial workshops since 2016. So, the site has been abandoned for nearly a decade and became a space for establishing small-scale industrial workshops, which are incompatible with the residential context and have led to a decline in the quality of life in the neighborhood, a decrease in its vitality, visual disturbances and other problems such as insecurity. Results and discussion The principles of “understanding the importance and narrative of the place,” “determining the causes of site obsolescence,” “cleaning up or controlling pollution,” “adapting the secondary use to the site conditions and surrounding context,” “flexibility of the reuse,” “preservation, display and use of identified and valuable elements”, and “preservation and improvement of landscape” with their specific considerations have been applied in the Naab Vegetable Oil Factory. The cause of deterioration of the site is environmental, and due to the mentioned unprincipled interventions, it is identified physically and visually. However, because the factory has specialized purification systems, its land is not subject to pollution and possible effects. The socio-cultural, functional, and physical analyses by exploring the neighborhood’s historical core, the past and current areas and land-uses, and the typology of the designed buildings with identity and value of industrial architecture have also been addressed. Determining the secondary use based on the needs assessment of the residents within the framework of the zoning proposed in the development documents, as well as recognizing and using the physical patterns of the buildings, are other significant considerations regarding the redevelopment of the site. Besides, identifying the qualities of the landscape, the skyline, and the redesigned facades of the factory, as a symbol of industrial architecture in the neighborhood, as well as its view to the surrounding areas, including the Alborz Mountains, old trees and gardens as natural elements, and Eshraq Cultural Center, are among other important considerations. Conclusion Following the research’s purpose and its approach, by reviewing the theoretical foundations and subsequently exploring the facts in practice, the seven principles of “understanding the importance and narrative of the place,” “determining the causes of site obsolescence,” “cleaning up or controlling pollution,” “adapting the secondary use to the site conditions and surrounding context,” “flexibility of the reuse,” “preservation, display and use of identified and valuable elements”, and “preservation and improvement of landscape” with their specific considerations were explained and applied regarding the redevelopment of urban brownfields and especially the abandoned industrial zone of the Naab Vegetable Oil Factory. Fulfilling and implementing these seven principles under the particular conditions of each site is an important step and a fundamental approach in responding to the challenge of the redevelopment of urban brownfields and, subsequently, their planning and design phases.
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